The Guinness Encyclopedia/The Guinness Encyclopedia - Wayzata Technology (3221-1B) (Disc 2) (1995).iso/countrie/16in_cou.ntr/card_51147.xml

Extensible Markup Language | 1995-06-13 | 4KB | 19 lines

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE card PUBLIC "-//Apple, Inc.//DTD card V 2.0//EN" "" >
<card>
    <id>51147</id>
    <filler1>0</filler1>
    <cantDelete> <false /> </cantDelete>
    <showPict> <true /> </showPict>
    <dontSearch> <false /> </dontSearch>
    <owner>5472</owner>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet_3106.css" />
    <content>
        <layer>background</layer>
        <id>31</id>
        <text><span class="style42"></span><span class="style12">VATICAN CITY</span><span class="style14"></span><span class="style42">Official name: </span><span class="style13">Stato della Cittá del Vaticano (State of the Vatican City). Also known as the Holy See.</span><span class="style42">Member of: </span><span class="style13">OSCE</span><span class="style42">Area: </span><span class="style13">0.44 km2 (0.17 sq mi)</span><span class="style42">Population: </span><span class="style13">750 (1989 est)</span><span class="style42">Languages: </span><span class="style13">Italian and Latin (both official)</span><span class="style42">Religion: </span><span class="style13">The Vatican is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church.</span><span class="style42">GOVERNMENT</span><span class="style13">The Pope is elected Bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church for life by the Sacred College of Cardinals. The Vatican City is administered by a Pontifical Commission appointed by the Pope.</span><span class="style42">GEOGRAPHY</span><span class="style13">The state consists of the Vatican City, a walled enclave in Rome, plus a number of churches in Rome (including the cathedral of St John Lateran), the papal villa at Castelgandolfo and the Vatican Radio station at Santa Maria di Galeria.</span><span class="style42">HISTORY</span><span class="style13">The tiny Vatican City state is all that remains of the once extensive Papal States. In 756 the Lombard king ceded territory in central and north Italy to the Pope, who became a temporal as well as a spiritual ruler. The Papal States comprised Latium (the area around Rome), Umbria, Marche and Romagna. The Papacy maintained its temporal power despite numerous disputes with the Holy Roman Emperors through the Middle Ages. For much of the 14th century the Popes resided at Avignon in France, and from 1378 to 1417 – in the Great Schism – there were always two or three men claiming to be the rightful Pope. The Papal States reached their greatest extent under Pope Julius II (reigned 1503–13), but by the 17th and 18th centuries the Pope’s temporal power was weak and his States were poorly administered.During the Revolutionary and Napoleonic War, the Papal States were variously annexed by neighbors and absorbed into the French Empire (1798–1815). The Papal States were restored in 1815, but all except Rome and Latium were lost during Italian unification (1859–60). When the French troops protecting the Pope were withdrawn in 1870, Italian forces entered Rome, which became the capital of the new kingdom of Italy. Pope Pius IX (reigned 1846–78) protested at the loss of his temporal power and retreated into the Vatican, from which no Pope emerged until 1929, when the Lateran Treaties provided for Italian recognition of the Vatican City as an independent state. Since the 1960s the Papacy has again played an important role in international diplomacy, particularly under Popes Paul VI (reigned 1963–78) and John Paul II (1978–  ).</span></text>
    </content>
    <name>Vatican City</name>
    <script></script>
</card>